AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY 投稿模板-刊鹿论文编译

SARCOPENIA, SARCOPENIC OBESITY AND FRAILTY; LINKS TO COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE IN ELDERS: Session 412

Abstract:

Abstract Background: According to 2011 CDC data, more than 2.6 million adults aged 60 and older with cognitive impairment reported difficulty performing one or more ADLs. There are studies that link cognitive decline and physical impairment in terms of low-level chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and depression. Skeletal muscle can produce IL-1, IL-6 and other important myokines that have been implicated in cognitive and physical functional degenerative processes. Oxidative stressors have been linked to physical frailty and sarcopenia as well as neurodegenerative processes further worsening cognitive impairment. What are Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity and its impacts on elders? Sarcopenia is a primary disease of the elderly population, characterized by loss of skeletal muscle mass and function. Sarcopenia is correlated with physical disability, poor quality of life, frailty, cognitive impairment, and death. Age, gender, and level of physical activity are the risk factors for the Sarcopenia. In addition to aging, malignancy and rheumatoid arthritis causes loss of lean body mass and even increase in body fat mass. The loss of muscle mass associated with increased body fat mass i.e. sarcopenic obesity causes weakness in aging. Sarcopenia, with or without obesity, results in impairment of IADL (Instrumental Activity of Daily Living) and eventually ADLs (Activities of Daily Living) among elders and results in need for long-term care and increased cost of health care. What is the link between Sarcopenia and Cognitive Impairment? Sarcopenia has not only has a greater effect on survival but also on cognitive impairment. Sarcopenia has been linked to global cognitive impairment and dysfunction in specific cognitive skills including memory, speed, and executive functions. While obesity may impair the executive functions of aging, the exact mechanism linking obesity to cognitive dysfunction is not clear. Improvement in muscular function of obese older adults has been linked to improvement of executive functions. Obesity and Sarcopenia were associated with the lower executive function such as working memory, mental flexibility, self-control and orientation when assessed independently and even more so when they occurred together. Sarcopenia is highly correlated with frailty and risk of falls in elders; it also represents an important risk factor for disability and mortality. Frailty is an independent predictor of dementia. How do you assess for the Sarcopenia? Sarcopenia with or without obesity can be used in clinical practice to assess the potential risk of cognitive impairment in elders. There are several ways to measure Sarcopenia – DEXA (Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry), biometric impedance analysis (BIA), CT (Computed Tomography) scan and MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging). However, assessing BMI and testing grip strength by dynamometry can be easily administered during annual wellness visits to assess the risk of sarcopenic related cognitive impairments. Sarcopenia can be assessed using parameters such as 1) Measure walking speed in elderly (>65 years). If the walking speed is below 0.8 m/s at the 4-m walking test, measure the muscle mass. 2) Hand- grip strength if this value is lower than 20kg in women and 30kg in man then muscle mass must be analyzed. 3) Defining Fat mass and lean body mass using BIA 4) Muscle Mass assessment by DEXA or CT. What is the significance of assessing the Sarcopenia? It is important to identify the risk of cognitive impairment by assessing for the onset of this condition. Preventing or delaying onset will likely enhance survival and reduce the demand for long-term care. Increasing resistance physical training will help to improve physical deconditioning, strengthen skeletal muscle hypertrophy, overcome the pain syndrome and enhance overall mental well-being. Interventions such as resistance exercise and nutritional therapy need to be developed specifically to delay the onset of Sarcopenia. What is the need in the future? Team-based approach including multidisciplinary model involving primary care physicians, geriatric psychiatrists, pain management physicians and physical therapists is required to combat the complex interlinked Sarcopenia associated cognitive impairment. Screening programs that include identification of cognitive and functional impairment in the office setting will serve as the starting point for specific interventions. The training regimen that includes supervision and correct equipment with resistance exercise will be necessary to get proper training and delay the muscle loss in elderly. References: 1) Cruz-Jentoft et al; Prevalence of and interventions for sarcopenia in aging adults: a systematic review. Report of the International Sarcopenia Initiative (EWGSOP and IWGS). Age Ageing. 2014 Nov;43(6):748-59. 2) Tolea MI, Galvin Sarcopenia, and impairment in cognitive and physical performance.Clin Interv Aging. 2015 Mar 30;10:663-71. 3) Zembron-Łacny A, Dziubek W, Rogowski Ł, Skorupka E, Dąbrowska G. Sarcopenia: monitoring, molecular mechanisms, and physical intervention. Physiol Res. 2014;63(6):683-91. 4) Chang KV Hsu TH Wu WT Huang KC, Han DS. Association Between Sarcopenia and Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2016 Dec 1;17(12):1164.e7-1164.e15.

Author Listing： Jaividhya Dasarathy;Kathleen Rogers;Rajesh Rajesh

Volume： 27

Pages： None

DOI： 10.1016/J.JAGP.2019.01.199

Language： English

Journal： American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY

AM J GERIAT PSYCHIAT

影响因子：4.4

是否综述期刊：否

是否OA：否

是否预警：不在预警名单内

发行时间：1993

ISSN：1064-7481

发刊频率：Bimonthly

收录数据库：SCIE/Scopus收录

出版国家/地区：UNITED STATES

出版社：Elsevier Inc.

期刊介绍

The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry is the authoritative source of information for the rapidly developing field of geriatric psychiatry. The Journal contains peer-reviewed articles on the diagnosis and classification of psychiatric disorders of later life, epidemiological and biological correlates of mental health of older adults, and psychopharmacology and other somatic treatments. The Journal is published twelve times a year.

《美国老年精神病学杂志》是老年精神病学快速发展领域的权威信息来源。该杂志载有关于晚年精神障碍的诊断和分类、老年人精神健康的流行病学和生物学相关因素、精神药理学和其他躯体治疗的同行评议文章。《日刊》每年出版 12 期。

年发文量	100
国人发稿量	13
国人发文占比	13%
自引率	4.5%
平均录取率	一般
平均审稿周期	偏慢,4-8周
版面费	US$3840
偏重研究方向	医学-精神病学
期刊官网	http://www.ajgponline.org/
投稿链接	https://www.editorialmanager.com/JGP

质量指标占比

研究类文章占比	OA被引用占比	撤稿占比	出版后修正文章占比
91.00%	21.73%	0.00%	0.81%

预警情况查看说明

时间	预警情况
2024年02月发布的2024版	不在预警名单中
2023年01月发布的2023版	不在预警名单中
2021年12月发布的2021版	不在预警名单中
2020年12月发布的2020版	不在预警名单中

JCR分区 WOS分区等级：Q1区

版本	按学科	分区
WOS期刊SCI分区 WOS期刊SCI分区是指SCI官方（Web of Science）为每个学科内的期刊按照IF数值排序，将期刊按照四等分的方法划分的Q1-Q4等级，Q1代表质量最高，即常说的1区期刊。（2021-2022年最新版）
	PSYCHIATRY	Q1
	GERONTOLOGY	Q1
	GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY	Q1

关于2019年中科院分区升级版（试行）

分区表升级版（试行）旨在解决期刊学科体系划分与学科发展以及融合趋势的不相容问题。由于学科交叉在当代科研活动的趋势愈发显著，学科体系构建容易引发争议。为了打破学科体系给期刊评价带来的桎梏，“升级版方案”首先构建了论文层级的主题体系，然后分别计算每篇论文在所属主题的影响力，最后汇总各期刊每篇论文分值，得到“期刊超越指数”，作为分区依据。

分区表升级版（试行）的优势：一是论文层级的主题体系既能体现学科交叉特点，又可以精准揭示期刊载文的多学科性；二是采用“期刊超越指数”替代影响因子指标，解决了影响因子数学性质缺陷对评价结果的干扰。整体而言，分区表升级版（试行）突破了期刊评价中学科体系构建、评价指标选择等瓶颈问题，能够更为全面地揭示学术期刊的影响力，为科研评价“去四唯”提供解决思路。相关研究成果经过国际同行的认可，已经发表在科学计量学领域国际重要期刊。

《2019年中国科学院文献情报中心期刊分区表升级版（试行）》首次将社会科学引文数据库（SSCI）期刊纳入到分区评估中。升级版分区表（试行）设置了包括自然科学和社会科学在内的18个大类学科。基础版和升级版（试行）将过渡共存三年时间，推测在此期间各大高校和科研院所仍可能会以基础版为考核参考标准。提示：中科院分区官方微信公众号“fenqubiao”仅提供基础版数据查询，暂无升级版数据，请注意区分。

中科院分区查看说明

版本	大类学科	小类学科	Top期刊	综述期刊
	医学 1区	PSYCHIATRY 精神病学 2区 GERONTOLOGY 老年医学 2区 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY 老年医学 2区	否	是
2021年12月基础版	医学 3区	PSYCHIATRY 精神病学 3区 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY 老年医学 3区	否	否
2021年12月升级版	医学 2区	PSYCHIATRY 精神病学 3区 GERONTOLOGY 老年医学 2区 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY 老年医学 3区	否	否
2020年12月旧的升级版	医学 1区	PSYCHIATRY 精神病学 2区 GERONTOLOGY 老年医学 2区 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY 老年医学 2区	否	否
2022年12月最新升级版	医学 2区	PSYCHIATRY 精神病学 2区 GERONTOLOGY 老年医学 2区 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY 老年医学 2区	否	否