ACTA VETERINARIA BRNO 投稿方向-刊鹿论文编译

Multiannual occurrence of mycotoxins in feed ingredients and complete feeds for pigs in the Czech Republic

Abstract:

The aim of the study was to evaluate the individual and combined occurrence of mycotoxins in feed ingredients and complete feeds for pigs in the Czech Republic in the years 2013–2017. The samples were analysed for the occurrence of aflatoxins (AF), deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEA), ochratoxin A (OTA), fumonisins (FUM), and T-2/H-2 toxins. The mycotoxin most commonly found in maize and small cereal grain samples was deoxynivalenol (94% and 53%, respectively). Deoxynivalenol was also the most frequent mycotoxin in all types of swine feed. The most frequent mycotoxin combinations in the total number of samples were DON + ZEA (56.63%), DON + OTA (11.61%) and DON + sum of T2/HT2 (9.76%). The maximum values set by the European Commission for mycotoxin levels in feed ingredients and complete feeds were exceeded in the case of AFB1, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, ochratoxin A and T-2/ H-2 toxins. Our findings support the need for further monitoring of mycotoxins in feed ingredients and complete feeds for pigs in the Czech Republic. Aflatoxin, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, ochratoxin, fumonisins, T-2 toxin, maize, cereals, swine Mycotoxins represent a serious problem in swine production because they can have a major effect on the health and productivity of pigs (Chaytor et al. 2011). Mycotoxins are secondary fungal metabolites that are toxic to both animals and humans. Approximately 400 mycotoxins have been identified to date, the majority being produced by species of the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium (Jard et al. 2011). The contamination of agricultural commodities and feed with mycotoxins can occur under favourable conditions during plant growth, storage and harvest. The growth of fungi is influenced mainly by temperature and moisture conditions (Binder et al. 2007). Swine belong to the species that are often affected by mycotoxins. The most important mycotoxins affecting swine health are aflatoxin (AF), deoxynivalenol (DON), ochratoxin A (OTA), zearalenone (ZEA) and fumonisins (FUM) (Chaytor et al. 2011). The contamination of swine feed can cause reduced animal productivity and immune suppression (Oswald and Comara 1998). Various fungi can produce several mycotoxins simultaneously and commodities can also be contaminated by different fungal species. Therefore, the contamination of crops with ACTA VET. BRNO 2019, 88: 291–301; https://doi.org/10.2754/avb201988030291 Address for correspondence: Doc. MVDr. Martin Svoboda, Ph.D. Ruminant and Swine Clinic Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic Phone: + 420 541 562 433 E-mail: svobodama@vfu.cz http://actavet.vfu.cz/ more than one mycotoxin is extremely common (Streit et al. 2012). Interactions between mycotoxins can be antagonistic, additive or synergistic (Monbaliu et al. 2010). The European Union has established regulations concerning the occurrence of mycotoxins in feed ingredients and complete feeds. Commission Directive 2002/32/EC sets maximum levels for AFB1. Commission Recommendation 2006/576/EC gives maximum levels for DON, ZEA, OTA and the sum of FUM B1 and B2. Knowledge on the mycotoxin prevalence is required for the efficient prevention of mycotoxicosis in pigs. Therefore, we decided to conduct this study in order to evaluate the individual and combined occurrence of mycotoxins in feed ingredients and complete feeds for pigs in the Czech Republic. Materials and Methods Samples of maize, small cereal grains and complete feeds for swine were collected from all over the Czech Republic in the years 2013–2017. They were delivered by feed producers, farmers and veterinarians. The samples were taken and prepared in compliance with the method described by the European Commission Regulation 152/2009. The samples were analysed for the occurrence of AF, DON, ZEA, OTA, FUM, and T-2 and H-2 toxins. The analyses were made according to the needs of feed producers, farmers and veterinarians. Since the samples were collected by private subjects we could not influence their choice of samples. Therefore the samples were not examined as random screening but as samples analysed based on previous suspect of contamination. Therefore each sample was analysed only for selected mycotoxins (as decided by private suppliers of samples). The individual samples were not analysed for the occurrence of all mycotoxins. The total numbers of analysed samples for particular mycotoxins are presented in Table 1. The performance of the analyses involved cooperation between four certified laboratories. The analyses were done at selected institutes (see below) by their highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods and the liquid chromatography with mass detection (LC-MS/MS) method or competitive direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. Detailed procedures are subsequently listed for each workplace. All samples were well homogenized by grinding before the analysis.

Author Listing： Martin Svoboda;Jana Blahova;Alena Honzlová;Jana Kalinová;Pavla Macharáčková;Jan Rosmus;Vít Mejzlík;Patrik Kúkol;Veronika Vlasáková;Karolína Mikulková

Volume： 88

Pages： 291-301

DOI： 10.2754/avb201988030291

Language： English

Journal： Acta Veterinaria Brno

ACTA VETERINARIA BRNO

ACTA VET BRNO

影响因子：0.6

是否综述期刊：否

是否OA：是

是否预警：不在预警名单内

发行时间：1969

ISSN：0001-7213

发刊频率：Quarterly

收录数据库：SCIE/Scopus收录

出版国家/地区：CZECH REPUBLIC

出版社：University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences

期刊介绍

ACTA VETERINARIA BRNO is a scientific journal of the University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences in Brno, Czech Republic.The scientific journal Acta Veterinaria Brno is dedicated to the publication of original research findings and clinical observations in veterinary and biomedical sciences. Original scientific research articles reporting new and substantial contribution to veterinary science and original methods that have not been submitted for publication elsewhere are considered for publication. A written statement to this effect should accompany the manuscript, along with approval for publication by the author´s head of department. The authors bear full responsibility for the contents of their contribution. Book reviews are published, too.

《布尔诺兽医学报》（Acta Veterinaria Brno）是捷克共和国布尔诺兽医和制药科学大学的科学期刊，专门发表兽医和生物医学科学的原创研究成果和临床观察。报告对兽医科学有新的和实质性贡献的原始科学研究文章以及尚未在其他地方提交发表的原始方法将被考虑发表。手稿应附有一份书面声明，沿着附有作者所在部门负责人的出版批准。作者对其稿件内容承担全部责任。书评也出版了。

年发文量	53
国人发稿量	-
国人发文占比	0%
自引率	33.3%
平均录取率	容易
平均审稿周期	较慢,18-36周
版面费	-
偏重研究方向	农林科学-兽医学
期刊官网	http://actavet.vfu.cz/
投稿链接	http://actavet.vfu.cz/submissions.html

质量指标占比

研究类文章占比	OA被引用占比	撤稿占比	出版后修正文章占比
94.34%	100.00%	0.00%	0.00%

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