ACTA VETERINARIA BRNO 投稿模板-刊鹿论文编译

Evaluation of stress in laboratory rabbits used for teaching purposes

Abstract:

This study was intended as a contribution to the argument about possible suffering of animals used for demonstrative purposes during teaching at universities. Pharmacology lectures at the University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic were selected for this experiment. The study focused on stress assessment using haematological and biochemical indices. Blood samples were drawn from 20 rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus f. domesticus L.) 10 days after arrival at the institute (before the first practical lesson), and then in the 7th and 12th weeks of the semester with practical lessons. The haematological and biochemical indices were compared between the experimental group (n = 10) used for practical demonstrations and the control group (n = 10) which was kept in its hutch. Practical lessons included manipulation with rabbits, health examination, topical or total application and observation of the drugs’ effects. All the acts were carried out by students. Significant changes were detected in some of haematological (erythrocytes, haemoglobin, haematocrit) and biochemical (glucose, total protein, enzymes aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase) variables compared to the control group. The values obtained from the last blood sampling indicate a possible habituation process in the experimental group between the 8th and 12th week. The results were compared between the experimental and control group and also with the results of other studies with different stressors. In conclusion, the stress the rabbits used for teaching purposes at universities are exposed to, is tolerable. Animal stress, haematological indices, biochemical properties, glucose, total protein Our study was intended as a contribution to the ongoing discussion about the level of stress in animals used for research and teaching demonstrations at universities. For this type of study, there is no classic stress model that could be applied which has led to a lack of studies and reference values in this field. Rabbits are used as laboratory animals very often and they are suitable model organisms for teaching purposes, too. Practical lessons have often been conducted using rabbits. Stress is the organism’s response to a stimulus which leads to activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical axis (HPA) and the sympathoadrenomedullary system (Möstl and Palme 2002). Both chains of hormonal reactions influence the adrenal glands and the glucocorticoids that are excreted lead to many hormonal changes and changes in the metabolic status (Möstl and Palme 2002). The main effect of elevated glucocorticoid concentrations (cortisol and corticosterone) is an increase in the glucose level (Möstl and Palme 2002; Romero 2004; Grissom and Bhatnagar 2009). Glucose and cortisol are designated markers of acute stress in humans and animals (Armario et al. 1996; Romero 2004; Breinekova et al. 2007). However, severe chronic stress (prolonged periods of high cortisol concentrations in the blood stream and their long term effect) may negatively influence the overall health condition (Möstl and Palme 2002; Grissom and Bhatnagar 2009) which is why concentrations of these hormones are used as health and welfare indicators. The stress reaction can alter many haematological and biochemical indices which is why the least invasive method for sample collection was ACTA VET. BRNO 2019, 88: 249–255; https://doi.org/10.2754/avb201988020249 Address for correspondence: MVDr. Monika Urbanova Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic Phone: +420 541 562 511 E-mail: urbanovam@vfu.cz http://actavet.vfu.cz/ chosen. In the event of a more pronounced chronic stress, not only do the haematological and biochemical indices change, but the overall health condition is also affected, e.g. by reduction of feed intake and weight loss (Cabezas et al. 2007; Okab et al. 2008). The main aim of the study was to objectively determine the possible degree of stress impact on the rabbits caused by manipulation during practical lessons. The other aim was to determine whether the haematological and biochemical indices were affected in the long term. Our intention was to contribute an objective argument to the discussion about the possible suffering of animals used for demonstration purposes in practical lessons. Materials and Methods Twenty New Zealand white rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus f. domesticus L.) from a commercial breeding farm (Lapins s.r.o., Dolní Dubňany, Czech Republic) were used. They were 6 weeks old at the beginning of the experiment. The rabbits were housed individually in stainless steel cages but they could see each other. Each cage was marked by a number. The rabbits were kept under controlled environmental conditions, and their biorhythm was set to 12 h of light and 12 h of dark. The temperature was kept between 17 and 23 °C and the humidity was between 45% and 60%. The rabbits were checked on every day. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. The complete feed mixture for all the rabbits, Biostan KBO (Biokron s.r.o., Blučina, Czech Republic), consisted of pellets, oats and other grains. Cleaning of the hutches was performed every 3 days or, when necessary, more frequently. This study was carried out during pharmacology lectures at the University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic. The study was conducted over the 12 weeks of the winter semester. Twenty rabbits were divided into two groups, an experimental (n = 10) and a control group (n = 10). The control group was kept constantly in cages except during routine maintenance tasks. Selected rabbits from the experimental group and other rabbits (which were not included into the study) were repeatedly used during practical lessons. There were 50 rabbits in total in the facility. Ten of them were randomly chosen as the experimental group and other 10 rabbits were chosen as the control group. This selection was done before the study started. In each practical lesson, 8 rabbits were used, which meant that rabbits of the experimental group were used 2 or 3 times a week like the other rabbits. The rabbits selected for the experimental group were transported from the housing facilities into individual cages in the classroom before the lesson began. The basic examination of the rabbits’ health condition was performed by students at the beginning of every lesson. This examination consisted of measuring the pulse, heart rate, and temperature. All procedures that were carried out on the rabbits by students during the semester are listed in Table 1. The below mentioned substances were applied according to the instructions and then the therapeutic effect of the substance was observed or measured. During these procedures, the rabbits were usually fixated with towels. Every rabbit was returned into the cage after the end of the practical act. They were housed in the cages in the classroom during lessons which lasted 4 h. 250 Table 1. Practical procedures on rabbits during the study. Week of semester Practical procedures according to the syllabus of practical lessons 1st and 2nd manipulation, fixation, basic examination 3rd and 4th 4 drops of 0.5% atropini sulfas Intraconjunctival drops 4 drops of 0.5% physostigmini salicylas application 4 drops of 1% physostigmini salicylas 5th and 6th 1 mg/ml epinefhrini hydrochloridum 0.1 ml intramuscular Local anaestesia 1 mg/ml epinefhrini hydrochloridum 5 mg/kg intramuscular Intraconjunctival drops 6 drops of 1.0 % cocaini hydrochloridum application or intramuscular 6 drops of 1.0 % procaini hydrochloridum

Author Listing： Monika Urbanová;Eva Kramářová;Jan Chloupek;Martina Najmanová

Volume： 88

Pages： 249-255

DOI： 10.2754/avb201988020249

Language： English

Journal： Acta Veterinaria Brno

ACTA VETERINARIA BRNO

ACTA VET BRNO

影响因子：0.6

是否综述期刊：否

是否OA：是

是否预警：不在预警名单内

发行时间：1969

ISSN：0001-7213

发刊频率：Quarterly

收录数据库：SCIE/Scopus收录

出版国家/地区：CZECH REPUBLIC

出版社：University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences

期刊介绍

ACTA VETERINARIA BRNO is a scientific journal of the University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences in Brno, Czech Republic.The scientific journal Acta Veterinaria Brno is dedicated to the publication of original research findings and clinical observations in veterinary and biomedical sciences. Original scientific research articles reporting new and substantial contribution to veterinary science and original methods that have not been submitted for publication elsewhere are considered for publication. A written statement to this effect should accompany the manuscript, along with approval for publication by the author´s head of department. The authors bear full responsibility for the contents of their contribution. Book reviews are published, too.

《布尔诺兽医学报》（Acta Veterinaria Brno）是捷克共和国布尔诺兽医和制药科学大学的科学期刊，专门发表兽医和生物医学科学的原创研究成果和临床观察。报告对兽医科学有新的和实质性贡献的原始科学研究文章以及尚未在其他地方提交发表的原始方法将被考虑发表。手稿应附有一份书面声明，沿着附有作者所在部门负责人的出版批准。作者对其稿件内容承担全部责任。书评也出版了。

年发文量	53
国人发稿量	-
国人发文占比	0%
自引率	33.3%
平均录取率	容易
平均审稿周期	较慢,18-36周
版面费	-
偏重研究方向	农林科学-兽医学
期刊官网	http://actavet.vfu.cz/
投稿链接	http://actavet.vfu.cz/submissions.html

质量指标占比

研究类文章占比	OA被引用占比	撤稿占比	出版后修正文章占比
94.34%	100.00%	0.00%	0.00%

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《2019年中国科学院文献情报中心期刊分区表升级版（试行）》首次将社会科学引文数据库（SSCI）期刊纳入到分区评估中。升级版分区表（试行）设置了包括自然科学和社会科学在内的18个大类学科。基础版和升级版（试行）将过渡共存三年时间，推测在此期间各大高校和科研院所仍可能会以基础版为考核参考标准。提示：中科院分区官方微信公众号“fenqubiao”仅提供基础版数据查询，暂无升级版数据，请注意区分。

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版本	大类学科	小类学科	Top期刊	综述期刊
	农林科学 4区	VETERINARY SCIENCES 兽医学 4区	否	否
2021年12月基础版	农林科学 4区	VETERINARY SCIENCES 兽医学 4区	否	否
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2020年12月旧的升级版	农林科学 4区	VETERINARY SCIENCES 兽医学 4区	否	否
2022年12月最新升级版	农林科学 4区	VETERINARY SCIENCES 兽医学 4区	否	否